Arterial Hypertension refers to the most common diseases of the heart and blood vessels affecting about 25% of the adult population.Not surprisingly, it is sometimes marked as an inadequate epidemic.High blood pressure with complications have a significant impact on the death of the population.Calculations indicate that about 25% of the death of people over 40 or indirectly caused by hypertension.The probability of complications determines the stages of hypertension.How many stages of hypertension are classified?Look down.
Important!According to the latest estimates of the World Health Organization of 1993, the hypertension in adults is a continuous increase in blood pressure to 140/90 mm.The art.
Classification of arterial hypertension, determination of the risk of risk
According to etiology, who is entering the primary and secondary in hypertension.
The main organic cause of the main (required) hypertension (GB), blood pressure (blood pressure) is not known.The combination of violations of genetic factors, external influences and internal regulatory mechanisms is taken into account.
Foreign factors:
- environment;
- Excessive use of calories, development of fat;
- Increased salt consumption;
- Lack of potassium, calcium, magnesium;
- excessive drink;
- To repeat stressful situations.
Primary hypertension is the most common hypertension in about 95% cases.
3 phases of hypertension are separated:
- Stage I - blood pressure increased without change in the bodies;
- Scene II - Increased blood pressure in bodies, but without violation of their function (left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria, angiopathy);
- Phase III - bodies accompanying the care function (left heart failure, hypertensive essefalopathy, stroke, hypertonic retinopathy, kidney failure).
Secondary (symptomatic) hypertension is the increase in blood pressure as a sign of the main disease.The classification of secondary arterial hypertension is as follows:
- Renoparechymal hypertension - occurs due to kidney disease;Reasons: kidney parenchyme (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis), tumors, kidney damage;
- REROVASCULAR HIPERTIONIENTION - Fibromosky dysplasy or atherosclerosis, narrowing of kidney arteries with kidney vascular thrombosis;
- Endocrine hypertension - initial hyperaldosteronism (Connection syndrome), hypertiroidism, Pheochromositoma, Kushing syndrome;
- hypertension created by drugs;
- Gestational hypertension - high blood pressure during pregnancy, after birth, the situation often normalizes;
- The flutter of the aorta.
Gestational hypertension, especially retinopathy, can lead to congenital diseases of the child.2 Retinopathy (prematulary and time children) phases are separated ::
- Active - consists of 5 stages of development, causing a loss of vision;
- Ruby - lead to the cloud of cornea.
Important!Both stages of the retinopathy of both rounds lead to anatomical disorders!
According to the international system, hypertensive disease (according to ICD-10):
- Initial form - i10;
- Average form - i15.
Hypertension rates also determine the degree of dehydration.In this case, the classification is a lack of water in the body.
Thirsty 3 degrees:
- Degree 1 - Light - 3,5% lack;Symptoms - dry mouth, heavy thirst;
- Degree 2 - Medium deficiency - 3-6%;Symptoms - pressure or pressure reduction, tachycardia, oliguria;
- The rate is the heaviest characterized by 3 - 7-14% of water in a third degree;Self-hallucinations, manifest oneself with delirium;Clinic - Coma, Hipovolemic shock.
Depending on the degree and stage of dehydration, decompensation solutions are carried out:
- 5% glucose + isotonic NACL (light rate);
- 5% NACL (average rate);
- 4.2% nahco3rd(severe extent).
GB stages
Subjective symptoms are often not often due to the moderate and medium stage of hypertension, so the increase in blood pressure is often at the level of dangerous indicators.Clinical picture is divided into 3 stages.Each stage of the arterial hypertension has typical symptoms of GB classification.
Stage i
In 1 stage of hypertension, patient complains of headaches, fatigue, fast heartbeat, disorientation, sleep disorders.In the 1st phase of the GB, in the heart, ECG, objective detection in the background, is normal in laboratory studies.
Stage II
In the second stage of the AH, subjective complaints also have signs of the left ventricular hypertrophy, in the retina of the urine, the microalbuminuria or protein or protein or protein or hipertansif angiopathy.Sometimes there is a reproduction of red blood cells in the urine.In 2 stages of hypertension, there are no symptoms of kidney failure.
Stage III
Functional disorders are diagnosed in the bodies of the growing risk of increased risk for hypertension, the III stage:
- Heart damage - shortness of breath in the beginning - the heart is manifested by the symptoms of asthma or pulmonary edema;
- Conversion of the veins - the risk of peripherals and coronary arteries, atherosclerosis of the brain;
- Changes in Fundus - Hypertensive retinopathy, NEURETINOPATIVE NATURE;
- Changes in cerebral blood vessels show self-shemic battles, typical thrombotic or hemorrhagic vascular strokes;
- Phase III, brain stroke, brain lesions are diagnosed in almost all patients;
- The good nephrosclerosis of kidney ships - causing the glomerular filtration, proteinuria, red blood cells, hyperuricemia and subsequently chronic kidney failure.
Which stage or hypertension rate is the most dangerous?Despite various symptoms, all stages and rates of the arterial hypertension are dangerous, require relevant system or symptomatic treatment.
Rank
During the diagnosis, 3 degrees of hypertension differ in accordance with the indicators of blood pressure (blood):
- light;
- average;
- heavy.
Determination of continuous (continuous) hypertension, even with the correct choice of combining antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure indicators have a concept below 140/90 mm HG.The art.
A more obvious view of the arterial hypertension is presented to the table.
Sleessification AG and stratting normal blood pressure, ESH / ESC instructions 2007.
| Category | Systolic pressure, mm hg.The art. | Diastolic pressure, mm hg.The art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal | <120 | <80 |
| Normal | 120-129 | 80-84 |
| Increased normally | 130-139 | 85-89 |
| 1 degree | 140-159 | 90-99 |
| 2 degree | 160-179 | 100-109 |
| 3 degree | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isolated systolic hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
The patient's difficulties vary according to the degree of hypertension.The choice of the treatment regime of the disease depends on the determination of the degree.
I rate
The disease can only be detected by regular measurement of blood pressure.Measurements should be carried out in a comfortable environment at least 3 times in a certain period.
This is the only way to evaluate the presence or absence of hypertension.Depending on the degree of increase in blood pressure, the clinical picture of the disease differs.
Degree
The 2nd degree of hypertension is characterized by the reduction of indicators or only the increase in diastolic value.To this extent, hypertension, growing pressure on certain conditions are typical in patients with an unstable nervous system.
Rate III
The III degree is characterized by a critical increase in blood pressure.
The III GB is characterized by heavy complications caused by harmful effects of high blood pressure in all organs and systems.First of all, the heart, kidneys, eyes and brains are affected.The disease is closely connected with the hyphesiasm of the III, symptoms and treatment - disease with insufficient or improper treatment: strokes, encephalopathy, kidney failure, irreversible eye lesions, blood vessels.The lack of treatment for III hypertension has increases the risk of isolated systolic hypertension.
At this stage of the arterial hypertension, the risk rate increases significantly!Disorders of memory, mental activity, often a loss of consciousness is displayed.
The hypertension crisis is formed as a weight loss and IV is considered the art of IV.GB.
Risks
According to the classification of hypertension according to the stages and rates, patients are divided into risk groups depending on the severity of patients.In the future, the 4 categories determined by the probability of harm to the internal organs differ (ie, such as hypertension rate, it is like a hypertension rate).
Risks on the degree of disease:
- risk less than 15%;
- Up to 20% risk;
- Risk 20-30%;
- The risk is more than 30%.
Low, insignificant
A low risk group includes men from men and women under 55 years older than 65 years old.arterial hypertension.In this group, the risk of cardiovascular pathology in 10 years is less than 15%.People who belong to the lower risk group are recommended to change their lifestyle.It is recommended to determine medications if not the effectiveness of non-blocked therapy in 6-12 months.
Middle
The average risk group includes people from II.Hypertension has ensured that there are 1-2 risk factors.The risk increases high body weight, cigarette, cholesterol, a violation of glucose tolerance, lack of action.Hereditary factors are also important.These people are higher in risk of cardiovascular complications and are 15-20% for 10 years.These groups are recommended to match people with a healthy lifestyle.If a pressure decrease does not occur in 6 months, a pharmacotherapy is assigned.
High
The high -risk group includes the people of the first second century.Hypertension, who is subject to the existence of at least 3 risky factors, are:
- Diabetes;
- defeat of the target organs;
- Atherosclerotic vascular diseases;
- hypertrophy of left ventricular;
- increased creatine;
- changes in eye vessels.
This group includes a third century hypertension of non-risk factors (20-30% of cardiovascular risk in the risk of cardiovascular diseases).Representatives of this group are under the control of a cardiologist.
Very high
A group of hypertension (more than 30%), with the risk of cardiovascular disease (more than 30%), includes people with art of III.Hypertension if at least 1 risky factor.In addition, this group includes patients with AH I-II art.Presence of violation of cerebral turnover, Ischemia, Nephropathy.This group is managed by cardiologists, requires active therapy.
Opinion
The problem of arterial hypertension is the lack of typical symptoms of the disease, characterized by a different clinical picture.Therefore, a person often does not know about the presence of the disease.Therefore, high blood pressure, accidents, during inspection or in the manifestation of complications.When diagnosing hypertension, it is important to provide a healthy lifestyle because it can affect the protection of the disease of the disease.